THROMBOSIS POST COVID-19 INFECTION: PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES, DIAGNOSTICS, PROPHYLAXIS AND TREATMENT

On 11 March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 was declared a pandemic and became one of the main contri­butors to global mortality. Despite the end of the CO­VID-19 pandemic, the coronavirus 2019 disease remains a significant public health issue. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Co­ronavirus 2) is a respiratory virus associated with a high risk of thrombotic complications. Thrombotic events are linked to increasing disease severity and mortality rates. The article reviews the current knowledge of thrombo­sis following COVID-19 infection to elucidate the pat­hogenesis, diagnostics, possible treatment options, and associated prophylaxis.

Objective: to review the latest scientific publications about COVID-19-related thrombosis.

Methods: literature sources were searched in the follo­wing databases: PubMed, Up ToDate, and Cochrane. The newest articles on the topic were evaluated and analyzed.

Conclusions: Although the exact pathophysiology of CO­VID-19-related thrombosis remains unclear, several fac­tors are known to contribute to its development. These include acute inflammatory reactions, increased levels of coagulation factors, platelet and endothelial activation, and the formation of extracellular neutrophil traps. Sco­ring systems and elevated D-dimer levels are valuable for identifying patients at risk. Despite certain limita­tions, Doppler ultrasound and CTPA (computed tomo­graphy pulmonary angiography) remain key diagnostic tools. Comprehensive care involves primary prophy­laxis with anticoagulants and mechanical therapies, as well as secondary prevention through early detection and prompt treatment of thrombotic events. This multifaceted approach is essential to improving outcomes for patients with COVID-19 and mitigating the impact of thrombotic complications.